DNA Sampling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DNA Sampling - Case Study Example The police, because of legal concerns, refuse to pursue this lead by acquiring samples from each of the thousands of persons of interest to it. The investigators' second-best lead was the footage shot at a truck stop on the night Falconio vanished. Bradley Murdoch was interviewed because his appearance and match with truck video, and passed over for DNA sampling. But Murdoch provided an apparent excuse to the police and he was declared innocent. After six months, the Broome police pulled over Murdoch's former flat mate and business partner, James Hepi. This was Taskforce Regulus' third big break, after the t-shirt DNA and the truck stop video. As a consequence of Hepi's arrest, the police was offered the identity of the suspected killer of Falconio. In Australia, arrest and DNA sampling powers are typically restricted by a requirement that the police have objective investigation specific justification for using force. Murdoch was deliberately avoiding the Falconio investigators, so it was doubtful that, even if they found him, they can not touch him without his consent. At the same time Hepi was a first-time informant and, moreover, had much to gain (and nothing to lose) from pointing Murdoch. Without any grounds to trust Hepi himself, Taskforce Regulus took considerable efforts to verify claims made by Hepi. But every claim proved to be off-key. According to Senior Sergeant Megan Rowe, the head of Taskforce Regulus' intelligence cell, Murdoch was the only man not 'eliminated' out of the nominated by the public as men in the truck stop video, hot prospects identified by Rowe, and persons 'of interest' to the investigation. Hepi's tips were of some hope, but Taskforce Regulus' ability to lawfully take Murdoch's DNA sample, once he was found, was in doubt. So Taskforce Regulus opted for a different way of testing Murdoch's link to the t-shirt smudge. They approached Murdoch's older brother, Gary, for his DNA sample. Gary's consent for sampling yielded a partial DNA match. The partial match - to be expected if a blood relative of Gary's was the source of the smudge - was certainly enough, in combination with the other information gathered by Taskforce Regulus, to objectively narrow the investigators' suspicions to Murdoch himself. But, when Murdoch was located, two weeks later, none of the information gathered by the investigato rs was used, because of some legal concern, to justify either his arrest or the taking of his DNA sample. A phone call on 28 August 2002 was the final major break in the Falconio case. A mother and her daughter had been raped and kidnapped by Murdoch a week earlier. After this call Murdoch was arrested, and thus provided a new way for lawfully acquiring his DNA sample. However, the Australian jurisdictions require that the objective justification for a proposed DNA sampling should cover, not only who is sampled but also the investigative utility of sampling. So, to force Murdoch to provide a DNA sample to investigate the allegations by the mother and daughter, the police needed reasonable grounds to expect that obtaining Murdoch's DNA sample would make a difference to that investigation. DNA sample of a suspect rapist

Workaholics and Workaholism: A Growing Problem for Companies :: ESL Essays

Workaholics and Workaholism: A Growing Problem for Companies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Workaholics – people, who have a compulsive and unrelenting need to work (www.dictionary.com) – appear more and more among the working people of United States and other developed countries. At first glance, workaholics do not seem to be such a problem for industry and society as a whole. But in spite of all devotion to their work the workaholic will not be as valuable as a normal worker. Workaholics do not think about anything else except work that can cause severe health problems and can cause problems on their work. All that causes a reduction of economic profit for the company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The term â€Å"workaholism† appeared in the beginning of the 20th century after Frederick Taylor integrated new organization of work system. Taylor, famous businessman was born in 1856 in Philadelphia, and was known as â€Å"father of scientific management†. His new theory of work management has been known as â€Å"Taylorism†. The term â€Å"Taylorism† is seldom used in a positive way. For a short description, according to JoAnn Greco, the journalist of â€Å"The Journal of Business Strategy†, â€Å"Taylorism† is â€Å"a sort of ruthless and quasi-Victorian efficiency that melds man with machine, often to man’s disadvantage.† According Taylor’s theory of work organization the worker is nothing but a tool for gaining profit. (Greco)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It will be unfair to say that Taylor’s theory did not do any good for the economy as a whole. In fact it really helped the economy in age of industrial development. But presently, in the age of high technologies we do not need to stress people to work hard. Many jobs require qualified people that being fired very hard to replace. Creating a workaholic – Type A persons, can be very dangerous for future economics of single company and nation’s economy in the whole. Perfect example of the typical Type A person was presented in essay â€Å"Company Man†, written by Ellen Goodman. The main character Phil was working in one company all his life striving for president’s position. There would be nothing wrong with that except for his fanatic desire to work – â€Å"If he wasn’t at the office, he was worried about it,†- summarizes Goodman in the end of the essay. In his desire to become a president, Phil had to sacrifice the other part of his life – his family. His wife Helen and his children did not even see their father too much - even on weekends he could not forget about his work.

Argumentative Essay on Love

Flying around the world is an extravagance the majority of society may not be able to afford; life is chock-full of esoteric luxuries only a special association will enjoy fully. However, life does not have to encompass the additional commodities that people claim to be necessary. Throughout humanity there have been innumerous individuals who never delved into the most desired rarity-true love; much like the trips around the world, true love, is a nonessential of life. Although love is always sought after, as if life’s’ buried treasure, a human being can live in happiness without it.Many would argue that by not pursuing love, life would be eviscerated of its full meaning. Contrary to popular belief, it is an additional tangent of life that may or may not make matters foregoing. Strip a being of all â€Å"luxuries in life, and if you can [still] make someone smile and laugh, you have given the most special gift: happiness. † Having happiness present creates the sa me euphoric feeling that being in love can cause without running the risk of being emotionally dismantled by a divorce or breakup.More often then not love comes at much too high a price for every person to bare, not only can the cost be extraordinary but also at times a relentless barrage of sorrow. In order for someone to surpass the unrealistic goal of finding true love and obtaining it they must distract themselves. Society must focus on what is in front of it and remember, â€Å"We’re born alone, we live alone, [and] we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we’re not alone. † As great as love presents itself to be, the majority of todays’ American community is divorced.These once happily married couples believed in the luxury of marriage until the price became more than they had bargained for leaving a bitter taste of resentment. As a person grows from child to adult there is a realization that true love does exist. This realization turns into a formulated question, ‘is the cost of love make the venture worthwhile. ’ For many people across all generations love has been a hopeless endeavor, in George Orwell’s novel 1984 Winston Smith embarked on an adventure that didn’t bode well â€Å"’I betrayed you’ she [, Winston’s previous love,] said baldly. ‘I betrayed you’ he said.†After betraying one another they part ways to live their lives in a better manner than before. Winston and the women, Julia, were lovers who when put to the test proved true love does not exist except for as a luxury the inner party could afford. All in all, love is a luxury that cannot be afforded by the mass. Even though it could portray itself to be beneficial, in the end it is not worth the cost. Surely true love is a product that even the people with the most acumen are dumbfounded. Happiness is something that serendipitously found a nd can egregiously affect a human’s life meanwhile true love is accompanied by painful hardship.

Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos ) Essential Or...

Hameed F. Prats Turner, Gregory English 2 06 July 2015 Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Essential or Dangerous? Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, is a controversial topic that has come up in conversation and debate since it first appeared in grocery shelves as new tomatoes back in 1994 (Woolsey). GMOs have had an infamous reputation among the public since they first started being offered in the markets and continues with much controversy to this day. Up to 80% of processed foods in the U.S. are genetically modified (Paturel). Most people which one might come across will often debate against GMOs and why the practice should be ignored and instead how one should focus on organic foods as an alternative due to it being healthier and safer on the body. Are GMOs dangerous to the body? Do they pose a general risk to our health? Are the rumors about GMOs as true as people claim they are? Or is the fear behind GMOs overly exaggerated? On the other hand, there are arguments and debates on why the research of GMOs are important for th e future as well as being quite safe. There are, of course, disadvantages to using GMO which up to now has only been proven to be quite minor in nature, but at the same time there are many benefits that comes with it as well. Most people will tell you how GMOs are bad and is not needed. But instead of taking that path, I will instead focus on why genetically modified organisms, although controversial, is needed in the world and why it isShow MoreRelatedLabeling For The Health Of Americans1601 Words   |  7 PagesAceto Prof. Piero Composition II 29 April 2016 GMOs: Labelling to Protect the Health of Americans Approximately eighty percent of food eaten in the United States contains GMOs, but not many people know what they are actually consuming from their food sources (Prah). Genetically modified organism, also known as genetically modified organisms engineered in a lab by scientists that alter the genes of plants and animals. By fixating DNA from other organisms into America’s food sources, they create substancesRead MoreEssay On Say No To Gmos1303 Words   |  6 Pages Say no to GMOs For years through genetic modification biotech companies have been transferring genes from one species to another. Genetic Modification strays far from traditional animal and plant breeding. GMOs have helped the production of agricultural products but have ruined the environment in the process. GM seeds are pricier than regular seeds, not sterile and have a hefty patent. Genetically modified organisms should be banned by the FDA because they allow big agriculture and biotech companiesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Is Very Complicated And Long908 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of genetically modified organisms is very complicated and long. But what is a GMO? A genetically modified organism is the result of a laboratory procedure that DNA from one species are extracted and forced into the genes of an unrelated organism ( It started in 1935 by a russian scientist, his name was Andrei Nikolaevitch Belozersky). But what Nikolaevitch did was he isolated pure deoxyribonucleic a cid (DNA). Then in 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structureRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Are The Future1239 Words   |  5 PagesBlock Black 3 March 2016 Genetically Modified Organisms are the Future to Feeding the World Population The world will be faced with a population of up to 9 billion by 2050 that will have to be fed. Now with 7 billion people, there is one in nine people that go hungry. So as the population grows by over 2 billion, farmers will have to produce â€Å"... projected 70% increase in food production† (Population Institute). The first Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) were approved by the FDA (FederalRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1598 Words   |  7 Pagesshopping some people may find some products that promise no GMOs, but what exactly are GMOs? Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are organisms that have been engineered to express desired traits. The most traditional way to modify organisms is through selective breeding. New technology now has given the ability to physically move or add to a new organism. The organisms are altered at the molecular level, usually they receive genes from organisms whose traits could not be obtained easily. Modifi cationRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1383 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is one of the most important issues around the world. Genetic engineering is a process where scientists take genes from one species and force it into the DNA of other species. GMO has long been in practice to breed select individuals of a species to produce offspring of the desirable behaviors. It is used in conventional livestock production, crop farming and even pet breeding. It involves combining elements of DNA from different sources to create a new DNA moleculeRead MoreGenetically Modified Organism ( Gmo )1267 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementation of Genetic Engineering, in other words, GMOs. A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic characteristics have been altered using biotechnology and GE (genetic engineering) to produce crops. The role GM foods should take on the global food supply should be to show an improvement in biotechnology fo r crop production, alleviate world issues and keep health effects away from people. Despite the fact that GMOs have been around for a long time, it wasn t until justRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Biological Concepts And Processes Essay2188 Words   |  9 PagesClarke 13AN Genetically modified organisms Biological concepts and processes:- The abbreviation for genetically modified organism1 is a GMO. A GMO is an organism whose genome2 has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering3 so that its DNA4 contains one or more genes not normally found there. Genetic modification is done through the recombination of DNA. Recombinant DNA is produced firstly by isolating a DNA sequence, then inserting it into the DNA of a different organism. RecombinantRead MoreAre Gmo Harmful Or Helpful?942 Words   |  4 Pagesin the food industry led to the development of Genetically Modified Organisms, also knows as GMO’s. Although this may seem appealing, many researchers, and doctors believe that GMO’s carry a big health risk. Exhausting amounts of evidence show they are not as safe as the producers claim it to be. Aside from the health risks, there is also evidence connecting GMO’s with environmental damage. GMOs are plants and animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses, andRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms, Or Gmo?1668 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically modified organisms, or GMO’s, include plants and animals that have had their DNA sequence altered to impart new qualities such as drought resistance, enhanced growth rate, and pest resistance (Feeding the World). In recent years, the genetic modification of raw food products has risen as a new alternative to traditional breeding since it provides faster results, is more efficient, and is more precise in targeting specific traits. â€Å"There are some problems that conventional methods can

Importance Of Reflection - 1482 Words

1 Introduction on Importance of Reflection Reflection is considered to be a process that can be developed to support continuous learning as well as personal and professional development. This can include the process of reflective writing as a means of capturing the thought and experiences (Ghaye,1998). A significant relationship is found between reflective writing and academic learning, as one can identify the need for self-development, critical review, awareness of individual functions and decisions. Reflective writing is valuable for students to identify their role when working with others (Anne Sen, 2010). 1.1 Practical Implications Reflecting has a definite value in every student’s future workplace, as it can encourage reflective†¦show more content†¦2.1.1 Good Incident: First Group Meeting Exemplary for Good Teamwork and Communication 1 Description: My group met in the library before class this day as can be read in Appendix 2:3. Each member presented their findings and collectively we decided what was relevant. Everybody was engaged and listening as well as giving feedback to the others. 2 Feelings: Throughout the meeting I felt fully present and concentrated and like we were being productive as can be reflected in my Log entry from this day below. (Appendix1:3) 3 Evaluation: The way every group member participated in discussions and how prepared we all came with notes was very good. Our individual interests and open communication was what made this meeting so effective. 4 Analysis: Think about why this meeting was so successful can be broken down into multiple reasons. I can personally say, since it was the first meeting I wanted to show what I work like and not be â€Å"the person who did nothing†, so I came as prepared as I could. Additionally, we were new into this assignment, so we had high motivation, which is known to be the driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve a goal. Peoples behaviour is therefore determined by their degree of motivation (Mullins and Christy, 2016). This and the interest abut this topic, as it was relevant to us, canShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Self-Reflection1235 Words   |  5 Pagesof how they need to relate with others hence molding their personality through the societys judgment. Cooley summarizes that, I am not what I think I am and I am not what you think I am; I am what I think that you think I am (Cooley, 1998). Importance of Reflecting on Other Persons Perception Others Self Image Others Self Feedback Reflecting on other peoples perception develops self-actualization. Through interaction with others, one gets a clear picture of who they are. To improveRead MoreThe Importance Of Critical Reflection On Teaching1270 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of reflection: Reflection on practice has different meanings, in my view it means constructive criticism: being honest with myself, becoming aware of and understanding my own strengths, and being able to review activities and constantly test assumptions related to our work. These have been my approach to critical reflection throughout the year. This is supported by Brookfield, he says that Critically reflective teaching happens when we identify and scrutinise the assumptions that undergirdRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflection Within The Nursing Profession844 Words   |  4 Pages However, being a reflective nurse is extremely important, â€Å"Reflection is an essential attribute to the development of autonomous, critical and advanced practitioners† (Caldwell Grobbel, 2013). It allows for nurses to reflect on the day’s practice, whether they treated the patients with the best possible care or whether improvements were required. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show the sign ificant importance of reflection within the nursing profession. Since I was a young child, IRead MoreIntegration and Reflection on the Importance of Education595 Words   |  2 PagesIntegration reflection Education is a very key and basic aspect and factor for the life of any individual who wishes to succeed in life. Right from when a person is born, the learning process begins (Griffin 2007). The process has various models of going about it, some of which are quite challenging to go through. When I first enrolled in my first formal education platform, I really looked forward to learning. However, since joining this course, I have had my reasonable share of good and excitingRead MoreCritical Reflection And Professional Enquiry And The Importance Of Education998 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Pollard (2014:7), â€Å"the values we hold about the importance of education are critical to the decision to become teachers in the first place, and to sustaining our motivation and resilience through our career†. However, while values such as social justice, trust, professional commitment or respect are held as pivotal forefronts for the core of the teaching profession, as stated by the General Teaching Council for Scotland in the Standards for Registration (2012), it should also be essentialRead MoreA Personal Reflection on the Importance of Differentiated Education1972 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the course of this class and a previous class I’ve been learning and researching the importance of differentiated instruction. It is by no means a new concept maybe just a new term. Take a one room school house, years ago. There were no separate grade levels. Everyone was in the same classroom with one teacher and the teacher taught to meet the needs of each student in the room. This was differentiated instruction; they just didn’t know it at the time. Differentiated instructionRead MoreThe Reflection Of Poetry : The Importance Of Poetic Literature2117 Words   |  9 PagesIn poetry, each word or line leaves you with an inclination to keep reading to grasp the message and emotion.   I think poetry has a loud voice and you can use poetry to prove a point.   The best part of reading poetry is exploring how the artist composes his thoughts that may leave the readers or audience with a sense of self-reform or with a voice. Poetic literature is an art that inclines the readers to grasp the meaning and the emotion of every word or lyric the artist has composed. In this researchRead MoreMy Reflection Of Speech : My Importance Of Debate836 Words   |  4 PagesThis year I took debate and throughout this whole year I learned in many ways how taking debate is beneficial to me, and how it helped me throughout my school year and my later life in general. Such as how to speak clearly, extend my voice and how to pronounce and enunciate clearly so that my voice is vocalized clearly and in a way that is in a way that is very understandable to everyone. Which can be seen on numerous occasions from ballots at the beginning of the year such as â€Å" AST # 1 † which IRead MoreThe Importance Of Collaborative Projects Benefit From Reflection1867 Words   |  8 Pagesbenefit from reflection; two key perspectives must be pursued – Leadership and group interactions. Collaborative projects relates to working with another in a joint project - working with others requires the understanding of group dynamics , individuals’ characters/ attitudes and most importantly the task- in order to ensure the successful completion of said project. The MPS (management process study) provides an excellent analytical backdrop for an analysis on the value of using reflection due the learningRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflection And How It Aids The Professional Development Of A Newly Graduated Nurse1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdemanding professional adjustments when transitioning from student nurse to graduate nurse and the use of refection during this time is said to be a very important tool in guiding the learning process. It is common in the field of nursing to utilise reflection to critically analyse certain experiences and reflect on how they made them feel and react. This involves looking deeper into a particular experience and deciding what was good, what was bad and what would be a better course of action if they were

Literature Review Celebrity Chef - 4456 Words

http//blogs.guardian.co.uk/food/jamie10a.jpg A literature review 2008-2 Statement of authorship I certify that this literature review is my own work and contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in any institute, college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the literature review. Signed: _____ _________________________________________________ Florian Steinmaier Date: 20th of September 2008 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. Overview of the topic 3 1.2. Background and Definition 3 2.†¦show more content†¦310) In other words these definitions says that an individual who is known to the public in different ways. The individual is famous and utilizes his or her publicity to advertise a product that does not have anything to do with the individual fame. I consider McCracken ´s definition as the most informative one as it is short and concise. The definition gives a clear view of what a celebrity endorser is. Previous studies have been done on consumers ´ response to celebrity endorsement in advertising. Results of these studies show that celebrities make advertising believable and enhance message recall. Furthermore, when celebrities are recognized with brand names, it creates a positive attitude toward the brand and a distinct personality for the endorsed brand (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). 2. LITERATURE REVIEW In the following chapter the method used for this review will be introduced. The chapter will start with how a literature review is defined, followed by the literature search, method problems and quality standards. 2.1. Definition of literature review Conducting a literature review is about understanding a topic that has already been addressed, how it has been researched by other authors, and what the key issues are (Hart, 1998). According to the author Chris Hart (1998) the definition of a literature review is the selection of available documents; both published and unpublished (in my review I will only study published academic documents), on the topic,Show MoreRelatedThe Food Personalities Of Gender Expectations1379 Words   |  6 PagesAfter finishing an initial review of the shows, I identified common themes between the food personalities in terms of gender expectations. From this sample, I identified five culinary personas: homemaker, non-traditional female, craftsman, explorer, and non-traditional male (gastrosexual). Even though these hosts had unique characteristics, the thematic presence of gender division between domestic cooking and professional cooking underlined all the personalities. These identified attributes for theRead MoreIntroduction. Obesity Has Been A Growing Problem In The951 Words   |  4 Pageschronic health conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several studies have indicated a direct association between television viewing and obesity, using various approaches and theories. Literary review Boulos,  Vikre, Oppenheimer, Chang, Kanarek, (2012) performed a literature review on television’s influence on weight gain and found both direct and indirect causes on the nations obesity epidemic. Direct causes include a decrease in physical activity, television food marketing and advertisingRead MoreEffectiveness Of Celebrity Endorsement On Consumer Brand Preference2728 Words   |  11 Pages Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Brand Preference Submitted by Aakash Pandya Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background of the Study 3 1.2 Research Problem 5 1.3 Research Objective 6 1.4 Significance of the study 6 II. Literature Review 7 2.1 Hypothesis 8 2.2 Significance of the study 9 III Research Methodology 10 3.1 Research Design 10 3.2 Population 10 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Method 10 3.4 Data Collection 11 3.5 Analysis and discussionRead MoreMasculinity And The Sociality Of Cooking Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Masculinity and the sociality of cooking in men’s everyday lives†, written by Nicklas Neuman, Lucas Gottzen, and Christina Fjellstrom highlights both gender roles and how masculinity affect society. The journal was published in â€Å"The Sociological Review† in November of 2017. From we what we know about the social in any common relationship, the woman cooks for the man and the man only cooks in leisure situations. The authors are suggesting that there must be a cultural transition and need for studiesRead MoreThe Importance of Writing for Food Writer5934 Words   |  24 Pagesimportance of one‟s own work; 4. Creativity – all writing is creative to some degree – you bring something new into being. 3 As in food writing, food writers are a wide assortment of individuals who wish to express their passion for food through literature, journalism, marketing and recipe writing. The only requirement to be a food writer is to have a passion for food and the written word. Thus, a food writer provides readers with a thorough understanding of what it takes to break into the food writingRead MoreSainsbury Operations2405 Words   |  10 Pagessupermarket wants to concentrate on sales-led recovery that makes availability of items its top priority. Introduction of 250 new ranges of products and retaining emphasis on healthier food in the new range â€Å"Taste the Difference† advertised by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver has been paying off for the supermarkets growth. With the re-launch of non-food items Sainsbury’s offers to drive sales momentum (3). Sainsbury’s another operational strategy pertaining to its employees is to move the HR functionRead MoreBoutique hotel Essay7085 Words   |  29 PagesAsian markets. Definition of a boutique hotel Over the years, many scholars have attempted to create a universally agreed upon definition for boutique hotels. Unfortunately, these attempts have not been fruitful in achieving its goal. A review of literature on this topic however, reveals common dimensions among descriptions of boutique properties. Main dimensions mentioned include smaller non-chain upscale property with a focus on the exchange between guests and hotel employees. These operationsRead MoreEssay on Marketing of Turkish Olive Oil to the Uk Market6062 Words   |  25 Pages Page ABSTRACT 3 1. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING OF TURKISH OLIVE OIL 4 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................4 1.2. General information and literature review 4 1.2.1 Olive Oil 4 1.2.1.1 A Mysthical History.................................................................................4 1.2.1.2 Types of Olive Oil...........................................................................Read MoreOrganizational Structure Of Boston Pizza International Inc6328 Words   |  26 Pagesthe company’s website and other relevant websites, journals and articles and hence the implied limitation. It begins with the evaluation of the impact of various functions of the Boston Pizza such human resources, finance, operations, and marketing. Review of the organizations design and departmentalization with respect to the geographic location, products, services, and marketing has been presented. Furthermore, the structural framework of the company and its influence on the managerial operationsRead MoreJob Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance18500 Words   |  74 Pagesthe priorities and lifestyles, and ultimately, tend to fall into unproductive distractions. This can be described as a classic case of burnout. The burnouts often engage in reckless or risk-taking behavio rs. Starting from glamour and sport celebrities to common men, burnouts are found everywhere. Often burnout will manifest itself in a reduction in motivation, volume and quality of performance, or in dissatisfaction with or departure from the activity altogether. 1.3 Models of Stress Management

The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance Free Essays

THE ROLE OF DELIBERATE PRACTICE IN THE ACQUISITION OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE Motivational Constraint A premise of our theoretical framework is that deliberate practice is not inherently enjoyable and that individuals are motivated to engage in it by its instrumental value in improving performance. Hence, interested individuals need to be engaging in the activity and motivated to improve performance before they begin deliberate practice. Bloom (1985b) found evidence supporting this implication. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now His interviews with international-level performers showed that parents typically initiated deliberate practice after allowing their children several months of playful engagement in the domain and after noticing that their children expressed interest and showed signs of promise. The social reactions of parents and other individuals in the immediate environment must be very important in establishing this original motivation. At the start of deliberate practice, parents help their child keep a regular daily practice schedule and point out the instrumental value of practice for improved performance (Bloom, 1985b). With increased experience and the aid of teachers and coaches, the developing individual is able to internalize methods for assessing improvement and can thus concurrently monitor the effects of practice. As individuals get more involved in the activities of a domain, competitions and public performances provide short-term goals for specific improvements. At this point the motivation to practice becomes so closely connected to the goal of becoming an expert performer and so integrated with the individual’s daily life that motivation to practice, per se, cannot be easily assessed. Certain naturally occurring events and changes illuminate the relation between practice and performance. Activities in many domains, especially sports, are seasonal because most scheduled competitions occur during a single season of the year. If individuals enjoyed deliberate practice, they ought to practice at a uniformly high level all year. Instead, athletes train much harder during the preseason period and during the season itself; during the off season they often reduce the level of training dramatically (Reilly, 1990a; Reilly ; Secher, 1990). Many individuals who have practiced for a long period of time give up their aspirations to compete and excel in an activity. Without the goal of improving performance, the motivation to engage in practice vanishes. Kaminski, Mayer, and Ruoff (1984) found that many elite adolescents who decided to stop competing remained active in the domain but virtually stopped engaging in practice. Some individuals have had to terminate their professional careers for reasons unrelated to their ability to perform. In a longitudinal study of visual artists, Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi (1976) found that most artists were drawn to painting because it allowed social isolation. However, aspiring painters have to promote social relations with art dealers, art critics, and buyers to gain notoriety, increase the demand for their art, and generate sufficient sales for full-time artistic activity. Failure to do so forced many of the best artists to take another job unrelated to painting. Once these artists could no longer commit sufficient time and energy to maintain and improve their performance they stopped painting completely because they could not accept performing at a lower level. This finding shows that the activity of painting as such is not inherently motivating but rather the act of producing art that satisfies the artists’ subjective criteria for quality. DANCE Abstracts 1. Fink, A. Woschnjak, S. (2011). Creativity and personality in professional dancers. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (6), 754-758. Abstract In this study three different groups of professional dancers (ballet, modern/contemporary and jazz/musical), which considerably vary with respect to the creativity-related demands involved in the respective dancing style, are compared with respect to psychometrically determined creativity, general mental ability and different facets of personality. Results indicate that modern/contemporary dancers, who are often required to freely improvise on stage, exhibited relatively high levels of verbal and figural creativity (as it was measured by means of psychometric creativity tests), followed by jazz/musical and finally by ballet dancers. With respect to personality, modern/contemporary dancers can be characterized as being less conscientious, higher on psychoticism and more open to experiences than the remaining experimental groups. In line with relevant research in this field, this study reveals some central personality characteristics of highly creative individuals which may be considered as important ingredients in the acquisition or actualization of exceptional creative potential. Highlights: Dancers of different professions differ with respect to creativity and personality. Modern dancers score high on openness and psychoticism. Modern dancers show high levels of psychometrically determined creativity. Keywords: Creativity, Personality, Psychoticism, Openness, Dance 2. Martyn-Stevens, B. E. , Brown, L. E. , Beam, W. C. Wiersma, L. D. (2012). Effects of a dance season on the physiological profile of collegiate female modern dancers. Med Sport, 16 (1), 1-5. Abstract Introduction: A collegiate modern dancer is a unique athlete because in addition to the physical demands of dance, she also has the artistic demands of creating and performing for a season of showcases, or in some cases, multiple showcases. In preparing for her dance season in addition to her academic schedule, a collegiate modern dancer’s training includes rigorous daily technique classes and rehearsals which may alter her fitness level across time. Objective: To determine the effects of a dance season on the physiological profile of collegiate female modern dancers. Methods: Eighteen collegiate female modern dancers were measured for relative anaerobic power, fatigue index, upper body and lower body strength, aerobic capacity and body composition at both pre and post dance season. Results: At post season, there were significant improvements in relative anaerobic power (pre 7. 43 + 1. 01 W/kg, post 8. 00 + 0. 78 W/kg), body weight (pre 57. 80 + 5. 10, post 58. 72 + 5. 08), and body composition (pre 18. 60 + 2. 03%, post 17. 78 + 2. 49%), and a significant increase in fatigue index (pre 33. 38 + 9. 72%, post 38. 91 + 7. 49%). There were no significant changes in relative upper and lower body strength or aerobic capacity. Conclusions: The demands of a collegiate dance season resulted in improved power and lean mass but greater anaerobic fatigue in these female modern dancers How to cite The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance, Papers